Exterior Inspection: A First Impression Matters
The home inspection begins outside. Inspectors meticulously examine the roof, looking for missing shingles, damaged flashing, and signs of leaks or water damage. Gutters and downspouts are checked for proper drainage to prevent foundation issues. Siding is assessed for cracks, rot, or insect damage. The foundation itself gets a thorough look-over for cracks, settling, or signs of water intrusion. Exterior walls are checked for any visible problems, and the inspector will examine windows and doors for proper operation and weather sealing. Finally, they assess the overall condition of the landscaping, looking for potential hazards or drainage problems.
Foundation and Structural Components: The Home’s Backbone
Moving inside, the foundation is examined more closely, often involving access to crawl spaces or basements if available. Inspectors check for cracks, settling, moisture problems, and proper support. They look at the framing of the house – walls, floors, and ceilings – checking for signs of structural damage, pest infestation (termite damage is a significant concern), and overall stability. Any visible signs of previous repairs are noted and evaluated for proper execution.
Plumbing System: Water Under Pressure
The plumbing system receives a comprehensive review. This involves checking the water heater for proper operation and safety features (including the pressure relief valve). Inspectors will test water pressure, examine pipes for leaks or corrosion, look for signs of water damage in ceilings or walls, and evaluate the condition of faucets, toilets, and other fixtures. They also check for proper venting of the system. Drain lines are inspected for clogs or other issues.
Electrical System: Powering the Home
The electrical system is another crucial area. Inspectors will check the service panel for proper grounding, wiring, and the number of available circuits. They test outlets and switches throughout the house for proper functionality and grounding. They look for outdated wiring, overloaded circuits, and any visible damage to wiring or fixtures. GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets in bathrooms and kitchens are specifically tested to ensure they’re working correctly. The inspector will also note the type and condition of the electrical service (e.g., whether it’s adequate for the home’s needs).
HVAC System: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a major component. Inspectors will check the furnace or boiler for proper operation, safety features, and the overall condition of the unit. They’ll examine ductwork for leaks, proper insulation, and correct routing. Air conditioning units, both central and window units, are inspected for proper cooling capacity, leaks, and overall condition. Inspectors will often run each system to assess its performance and note any unusual noises or problems.
Attic and Crawl Space Evaluation: Hidden Areas Hold Clues
Access to attics and crawl spaces is essential. Inspectors check these areas for proper insulation, ventilation, signs of pest infestation, water damage, and structural problems. The condition of the roofing system from below is also evaluated in the attic. In crawl spaces, moisture levels are checked, as well as the presence of pests, mold, and other potential issues.
Interior Finishes and Appliances: A Closer Look
The interior of the home is inspected, covering a wide range of items. This includes checking the condition of walls, ceilings, floors, and interior doors and windows. Appliances (refrigerator, oven, dishwasher, etc.) are visually inspected for proper operation and overall condition, although a full functional test is typically not included. Cabinets and countertops are also noted for their condition. The inspector will look for any signs of water damage, pest infestation, or other issues within the walls or ceilings. The overall cleanliness of the property may also be noted, though not as a primary focus of the inspection.
Safety Features and Systems: Protecting the Homeowners
Safety features and systems are a priority. Smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors are checked to ensure they are properly installed and functional. The condition of fire extinguishers is noted. Inspectors will also assess the overall safety of the property, looking for potential hazards such as tripping hazards, loose railings, or other concerns that might compromise the safety of the occupants.
Final Report and Recommendations: A Comprehensive Overview
After the inspection, a detailed report is provided to the client. This report includes a summary of the inspector’s findings, photographs of significant issues, and recommendations for repairs or further investigation. This report serves as a valuable tool for the buyer, helping them to make informed decisions about the property and to negotiate repairs with the seller. Read more about Things inspectors look for in a new house.
